Philosophy
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Topics for Liberal Education & Topics for NEW EDUCATION |
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Over many trials the topic material in the column to the right has proved helpful in small discussion groups. Each topic (amounting to four pages when printed in leaflet format—see the last line of this web page) begins with a “theme” question. (Note that because the function of the question is to generate interesting discussion, it may not be obviously related to the material which immediately follows.) The question is followed by approximately two pages of passages, usually one paragraph or longer. Then comes a heading which takes the form “Thoughts about . . .” with the topic filled in. This heading is followed by a selection of quotes and aphorisms, some of which may be indented. The non-indented quotes and aphorisms are ordered alphabetically. The indented quotes should be regarded as loose commentaries which explain, enlarge, illustrate or contradict the preceding non-indented quote. Here are some suggestions for using the topic material for educational purposes: 1) The teacher/user is completely within his rights to delete anything he dislikes and add whatever suits him. After editing it to his or her satisfaction, the teacher prints out the material for a topic in leaflet format (see downloading and printing instructions at the bottom of this webpage). A leaflet consists of one sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half to make a four page booklet. Each person in the discussion group should have a leaflet. 2) The ideal number of people in a discussion group is four. Three is also good. Five or more can work, but there is a tendency for distracting secondary conversations to break out. 3) One member of the group should act as facilitator. The facilitator should begin by reading the “theme” question at the top of page one and asking each person for an instinctive preliminary answer. In theory, discussion of anyone’s answer is not allowed at this point. In practice, it will be found to be very difficult to a) get a short premliminary reply from everyone, and b) prevent responses to those preliminary replies. The facilitator must be as firm as possible without giving offense. It may help to remind everyone that they will get a chance to revise their answer after the material in the leaflet has been discussed. 4) The facilitator will then pass out the leaflets and ask everyone to take a few minutes to find one or two quotes that inspires strong ‘yes feelings,’ ‘no feelings,’ or ‘ambivalent (yes and no) feelings.’ If they can’t find anything that they feel strongly about, then they can quote themselves. 5) The first person to express an opinion about his or her chosen quote is the one who starts the discussion. He or she reads the quote, indentifies the author (if attributed), and then tries to justify his or her reaction. Although listeners are usually not timid about voicing their opinions, it is the facilitator’s job to get a response to what has been said. 6) The facilitator should try to get the speaker who chose the quote to say whether they like it or not before talking about it. We have found that people are often reluctant to state their position. By gently insisting that the speaker take a position, the facilitator somewhat reduces the tendency of some people to use the quote as a jumping off point to talk about whatever they want to talk about, however unrelated to the topic. Counter-acting this tendency leads to a more focused discussion. 7) When, in the facilitator’s opinion, the quote has been exhausted or the discussion has drifted too far from the topic, he or she asks the next person (clockwise, counter-clockwise, alphabetical, whatever) to read their quote, pass judgement, and defend their opinion. 8) The longer passages should not be neglected, and can be read whenever a person finds the discussion boring, or otherwise has an opportunity. 9) Near the end of the time allotted for discussion, the facilitator breaks in to read the theme question a second time. He or she then goes round the circle once again and tries to get everyone to give their “considered” opinion. The facilitator gives his or her opinion last and then tries to determine the majority opinion. 10) Discussion will always be more intelligent and more rewarding if the topic material is given some thought beforehand. When the topic is determined in advance and the topic material is available online (or as a handout), everyone should be encouraged to read and think about the ideas they will soon be discussing. |
Intellectual Principles (What do we agree on?) Education New Link (Jan 23/25) Intellectual Values for Liberal Education Practical Values for Liberal Education Eros I (the state of being in love) Eros III (taboos & nonsense about sex) Ethics & Morality II: (problems without solutions) Foolish Opinions & Unenlightened Attitudes Freedom, Free Will & Determinism Injustice, Persecution & the Law Progress, Idealism & Perfection New Link (Nov 28/24) U235: A Lesson in Plausibility & Proportion The Absolute & the Unthinkable The Human Condition New Link (Nov 13/24) Tolerance & Intolerance New Link (Dec 31/24) Work & Leisure New Link (Jan 29/25) Decreasing Boredom Avoiding the Pitfalls of Romantic Love Choosing the Right Work Not Expecting Very Much from Politics or Politicians Accepting (as well as fighting) Injustice Appreciating the Classics Getting Enjoyment from Science and Math Putting Scepticism in its Place More topics to come . . . Discussion Topics for Zoom Meetings SOME THEORY An Alternative Spiel (with a proof!) The Simplest Case for NEW EDUCATION The Case for NEW EDUCATION—Yet Again A Thought Experiment NEW (Apr 25/24) Two Principles for NEW EDUCATION A Theory of Educational Reform |
PRINTING INSTRUCTIONS: The material for each of these topics can be downloaded from the bottom of the respective webpage as a WordPerfect (6.1 or 8) or as an MS Word (2002) document—note that there is insufficient space for page numbers in the MS Word document. The document is formatted as a four page leaflet, and if you have a duplex printer (i.e. a printer which prints both sides of the paper) the entire document should only require one sheet of paper. (To print the WordPerfect document from WordPerfect (6.1) as a leaflet on a duplex printer: FILE—>PRINT—>MULTIPLE PAGES (click radial button)—>OPTIONS—>BOOKLET PRINTING (check box)—>OK—>PRINT—>all—>PRINT. To print the MS Word document from MS Word (2002) as a leaflet on a duplex printer: FILE—>PRINT—>PROPERTIES—>FLIP ON SHORT EDGE (click radial button)—>OK—>OK.) By folding the sheet in half, a four page 5.5 inch x 8.5 inch leaflet is produced. Without a duplex printer producing a leaflet will be more complicated, and will require running the paper through the printer twice. If the WordPerfect file is opened in MS Word, the leaflet formatting will be lost and will have to be redone in Word. The tighter spacing between related paragraphs will also be lost, extending the length of the document. The text formatting, however, should be preserved. To see what a leaflet should look like, click Here (pages 1 & 4) and Here (pages 2 & 3) to view two PDF files for the topic of religion. |
For educational theory click HERE.